How do rabbits communicate with each other?

Rabbits have a variety of methods for communicating with each other, and these include vocalisations, body language, and scent marking. Firstly, rabbits can make various vocal sounds such as squealing, purring, whimpering, and grunting to express different emotions and needs. While generally quiet animals, they use these sounds to communicate effectively. Secondly, rabbits extensively use their body language to convey messages. Their ear positions can indicate their state of calmness or fear/aggression, with erect ears indicating calmness and flattened ears suggesting fear or aggression. The position of a rabbit's tail also provides clues about their mood, with a held-up tail showing contentment, while a tucked tail signifies fear or submission. Different body postures like relaxation or crouching can also demonstrate various emotions. Additionally, rabbits communicate using scent marking, employing their scent glands on different parts of their bodies. By rubbing their chin and cheeks against objects or spraying urine, they leave scent markers to communicate with other rabbits. Other subtle behaviours, such as nudging, grooming, and thumping their hind legs on the ground as a warning, are also used for communication. In conclusion, rabbits possess complex systems of communication to express their feelings, needs, and establish social bonds with other members of their species.